Thinking about my thesis …. Oucchhhh …. “loading”
ucchhhh in Indonesia it called LEMOT …aaaaarrrgggg when I was in bachelor
degree, I can finished my research paper like as train … without any waiting
for traffic light nor stopped because off d’ gasoline “hangout” hahaha I can
finished it not more than 3 months. But …. What about my thesis ??? hallooooooo
vieeeee wakeeeee uuupppppp
…..
By the way, talking about THESIS vs
RESEARCH PAPER … I remember clearly about my research paper with d tittle A
PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS ON THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES IN NEW TESTAMENT. Mmmm learning ENGLISH LANGUAGE is more than happiness after
eating spaghetti and “penyet” heheheh … getting knowledge is human background
to keep survive in her/his life. Like as I do did n done … my status still hold
on as a students, and take a bow in “CAMPUS HEGEMONY” but … take it easy …
those hegemony are not pushing me to “kentingan” hehehee …. Starting with smile
and thanks to God each morning I feel fressshhh n ready to facing all minutes in
each day.
N
Now
let’s talking about my journal which r correlate to my research paper n … I
want to share a bit KNOWLEDGE about the branches of GRAMMAR that is KINDS OF
SPEECH and will dig up more in TYPES OF SENTENCES
Mmmmmm
the
point of journal is
It distils
the analyzing of directive utterances in New Testament chapter Matthew. By
means of the using speech acts theory as material study of meaning in this
journal will pointing the analyzing of meaning used two question; what are the
forms; and what are the intentions of the directive utterances are. After a
clear analysis on the Holy Bible and the specific data is used chapter
Matthew-New Testaments of Revised Standard Version written by Thomas Nelson
& Sons. And limit the source of the directive utterances in the chapter
Matthew. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research by observation
and documentation method by selecting the directive utterances which can be
found in chapter Matthew (New Testament). In analyzing the directive utterances
is by applying speech act theory, especially locutionary and illocutionary. The
result of the study shows that there are three types of sentence used in New
Testament chapter Matthew and The intentions which are used in chapter Matthew
of New Testament
Keywords : Pragmatics, Directive utterances, New Testament, Matthew
(my journal 2012)
As
I said before that my journal is based on my research paper in LINGUISTIC (the
first method I used is PRAGMATIC). K leave about pragmatic … here lets talking
about sentences because we are human who are using communicating to create
interaction with the other. Communication
will succeed when there is no misinterpretation between speakers and hearers.
The speakers should be aware of what they are doing, because they have
certainly tried to understand what the speakers mean. A communication will also
succeed, when the speakers have an attitude, which they attend to conversation
to the hearers in using languages, and the hearers recognize their attitudes.
Before
we continue to the specific topic … I will show you the abstract/the point/the
result of my research paper
I
wrote that This research is proposed at analyzing
the directive utterances in New Testament chapter Matthew. The writer focuses
the analysis to answer two problems statement: (1) what are the forms; and (2)
What are the intentions of the directive utterances.
In
taking the data, the writer uses document that is the Holy Bible the Old and
New Testaments of Revised Standard Version written by Thomas
Nelson & Sons. The writer limits the source of the directive
utterances in the chapter Matthew. The type of this research is descriptive
qualitative research. In collecting the data, the writer uses observation and
documentation method by selecting the directive utterances which can be found
in chapter Matthew (New Testament) and the steps are:
determining the chapter, reading the chapter, sorting out sentences contain
directive utterance and coding the data. In analyzing the directive utterances,
the steps are: describing the syntactic form by applying the theory deals with
sentence by types and determining the variety of the speaker’s intention by
applying speech act theory, especially locutionary and illocutionary
The result of the study shows that (1)
there are three types of sentence used in New Testament chapter Matthew; they
are declarative sentence (16.83%), interrogative sentence (6.93), and
imperative sentence (76.24%). (2) All of the directive utterances have
different intentions based on locutionary and illocutionary acts. The
intentions are commanding (33.7%), requesting (19.8%), suggesting (26.3%),
invitation (10.9%), and warning (8.9%).
Keywords : Pragmatics, Directive utterances, New
Testament, Matthew
REMEMBER
… we are not talking about my research paper … but we are here to talk about
SENTENCE (kinds and type of sentence) and Based on my journal and
my research paper above that are cannot stay away from “sentence” positions’,
so here I will share my knowledge about the branches of grammar that is kinds
of sentence and types of sentence.
in Cambridge has been clearly explained
that sentence ia a group of words, usually containing
a verb, which expresses a thought in the form of a statement, question,
instruction or exclamation and starts with a capital letter when written.
But
…. I still clearly remember that my lecture “Mr. Maryadi” ever said that a
sentence is a group of words that tells a complete thought.
K ….
Let’s start our discussion with
the notion of sentence;
In
Traditional grammar defines a sentence in one two ways. Frank (1972: 220)
defines a sentence in one of two ways. (1). by meaning, a sentence is a
“complete thought”. It means that sentence can be identified by the
understanding of the meaning. (2). by function, a sentence consists of a
subject and a predicate. And sentences are generally classified in two ways (1)
by step (2) by the number of formal predication.
The first
thing we want to discuss is classification of sentences by number of full
predication (KINDS OF SENTENCE).
Based on that notion and our first topic … ever you heard about SIMPLE<
COMPOUND, COMPLEX and COMPOUND COMPLEX sentences?
Yap yap yappp …. There
are 4 (four) kinds of sentence dealing with classification.
a. SIMPLE SENTENCES
: Only Have One Full of Predication
A
SIMPLE SENTENCE IS A SENTENCE or 1 clause which only has 1 subject and 1 verb.
This sentence is having S and P (I laughed)
In the predicate of
simple sentence there is only one main
verb. A simple sentence may consist of two or three
words or longer than that. Besides, it may also have two subjects but one verb;
or 1 subject and two verbs.
e.g
:
1. a man and a woman worked in the field
2. a man attacked and robbed the rich lady
SIMPLE SENTENCE ELEMENTS
S = SUBJECT
V = VERB
O = OBJECT
A = ADVERB
C = COMPLEMENT
SIMPLE SENTENCE STRUCTURES
SV
|
She will leave
|
|||||||
She
|
Will leave
|
|||||||
S
|
V
|
|||||||
SVO
|
He choose me
|
|||||||
He
|
choose
|
Me
|
||||||
S
|
V
|
O
|
||||||
SVC
V : copula
Lingking v
|
She was sick
|
|||||||
She
|
Was
|
Sick
|
||||||
S
|
V
|
C
|
||||||
SVA
|
My friend went to Surakarta
|
|||||||
My friend
|
Went
|
To surakarta
|
||||||
S
|
V
|
A
|
||||||
SVOO
|
I got an excellent present in my birthday
|
|||||||
I
|
Got
|
An excellent present
|
In my birthday
|
|||||
S
|
V
|
O
|
O
|
|||||
SVOC
|
Most students have seen her responsibility
|
|||||||
Most student
|
Have seen
|
Her
|
Responsibility
|
|||||
S
|
V
|
O
|
C
|
|||||
SVOA
|
You can save my believe on your heart and mind
|
|||||||
You
|
Can save
|
My believe
|
On your heart and mind
|
|||||
S
|
V
|
O
|
A
|
|||||
a. COMPOUND SENTENCES
: It could be said as 2 simple sentences are joined by a co-ordination conjunction like; For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So
But there are so many
functions of conjunctions guys …. J we will talk about conjunctions latter yak J my
promise nee :p
Pattern: Sentence, joining
word sentence.
Subject
+ Predicate, joining word Subject
+ Predicate.
E.g :
ü it rained BUT I
went walk anyway
2. Ahjeed is small BUY
but he is very strong
3. I’ll either call you OR
I will send u message
b. COMPLEX SENTENCES
: sentences have two or more full of predicating. Main clause
similar with simple sentences and the other are sub clause. It also can b
called as main clause and sub clause (independent clause / dependent clause).
And its Joining words (subordinating conjunctions) : As, As if, Because, Since,
Although, Even though, When, While, Until, Unless, Where, etc
e.g :
1.
When I looked into the mirror, I
saw an old man.
2.
I saw an old man when I looked into the mirror.
3.
Until Josh attended Merced
College, he had no focus in life.
4.
Josh had no focus in life until he attended Merced
College.
5.
I will write a book if it benefits the other.
a. COMPOUND AND COMPLEX
SENTENCES.
: Compound-Complex Sentence sentences contain two or more
independent clauses and one or more dependent clause.
e.g
“The man bought a new car and he told to all his friends until
they are bored to hear that”.
: The compound - complex sentences consist of two or more
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. In other words, it is
simply a combination of the compound sentence and the complex sentence.
ü When I looked into the mirror, I saw an old man, and I was surprised.
ü As I look out the window, I see no clouds, but the weather report predicted rain.
ü Whenever the old man walked around the mansion, he wanted hide his
money, for he feared his
children would steal it from him.
Pattern:
Subordinating conjunction
subject + predicate, subject + predicate, coordinating
conjunction subject + predicate.
Exercise
A. Analyse the following paragraph. Show which one are simple, compound,
complex or compound-complex sentences!
One day we say “I wouldn’t been seen dead in it”,
but the next day we’re wearing it! Although women know skirts are too long or
too short, they buy them. Men wear tight trouser or baggy one. Even though know
they are unconformable. Women save their heads and men have long hair whether
it suit them or not. “I know what I like” is a phrase we often hear, but we are
all afraid to do what we like. So we obey the dictators in Paris and London-in
spite of what we feel. Otherwise people say, “Did that blouse belong to your
grandmother? Or “you look like a Capone in that suit.” But do not worry! Even
you are wearing your grandmother’s blouse or Capone’s suit, you can be sure one
thing; sooner or later it will be the latest craze!
L. G. alexander/grammar1/1999-72
A. Arrange these jumble words into a meaningful sentence!
1. Acoustic music – I – like – very much
2. There are - a lot of people - are -at the bus stop
3. Treated – kindly – her – they
4. Well – the man – the piano – played
5. Games – played – yesterday – in their room – the
children – quietly
6. to attack -
them - the general- order
7. She - present - me -
expensive - gives
8. You – god-
shall - the lord - not tempt -your
9. fellow-servant - you have - mercy - had - on - your
10. Just need your smileeeee :D
B. Write down the kinds of sentence that best describes for each sentence!
1. El-Diya and her mother have a different concept
every holiday over where they should spend family vacation.
2. The car has a good engine
3. My soon caught the ball
4. As soon as we arrived at the library, it was
raining heavily.
5. Adeel and Diya is intelligent student and they have
found to finance their study abroad.
6. Hasan had finished his homework before he left the
house.
7. The man stole th (e jewelry and he hide it in the
house until he could safely get out of town.
8. I watched TV last night
9. Because of the bad weather , the flight is
postponed
10. The man
bought a new car and he told to all his friends until they are bored to hear
that.
11. People choose governor today
12. Beware of false prophets, who come to you in
sheep’s clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves (7; 15 = new
testament-Matthew)
13. She will bear a son, and you shall call his name
Jesus (1; 21)
14. I will pay you
everything (18; 26)
15. The man kicks the ball
Dealllll ….
Now lets talk about TYPES OF SENTENCE
;)
What is type of sentences …
before we discuss more deeply, I have question for you …
1)
“The child ate his candy”, 2) “Did the child
eat his dinner?”, 3) “Eat your dinner!”, 4) “What beautiful day!”.
Based on
those sentences, I have easy question that is “what do you think bot those are
questions? By giving the meaning. Easy right ?? heheh
Mmmmm,
K
Those sentences are based on thy
types of sentence. As we know well that there are 2 classification of sentence
as we have talked about kind of sentence and now we will taking about the
meaning.
Heiii guys … In
understanding the meaning of sentence is identified by meaning lhoo. One of the reason why we must study about language and the meaning by
knowing kind of sentences and the meaning or types of sentence is to keep
survive to stay in this world where we are life. Speakers must know the meaning of the words
they use, so be careful don’t make a mistake to give a meaning ya mb n mas browww :D
To dig up your wanted in knowing
about this part is by these sentences from an excellent person n hope much u gt
the reason.
“Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on
society” mark twain
What do you thing bot her sentence? What is the functional type for it?
Same with the other sentences below
The second one is “but, what is the difference
between the literature and journalism? Journalism is unreadable and
literature is not read.” Oscar Wilde
The third is “be careful about reading
health books. You may die of misprint.” mark twain
And the last “to die for an idea; it is
unquestionably noble. But how much nobler it would be it men died for
ideas that were true” H. L. Mencken
Fine ,,,
Now.. lets talking about this chapter and also I will give u the
explanation. Back to the source of this work is based on my research paper … so
I will also use the example from my research paper, hohohoho
The classification of sentence by
types according to Frank (1972: 220), there are four types of sentences; 1) Declarative Sentence is a
sentence in which the subject and predicate have normal word order. 2) Interrogative Sentence the
position of the subject and predicate are often reserved, or sometimes it is
started with auxiliary, question words, and modal. It is used to ask a question
and ended with a question mark in written. In the spoken language, most of (yes
– no) question ends with a rise in pitch and the most interrogative words
question ends with a full in pitch. 3) Imperative
Sentence is only predicate is expressed. It gives a command or makes a request
and often an invitation or offer. 4) Exclamatory
Sentence is used to express strong feeling and ends by an exclamation mark
phrase consisting of what/how or plus a part of the predicate.
1)
Declarative sentence is
a sentence in which the subject and predicate have normal word order. The
sentence ends with a period in writing and a drop in pitch in speech.
Example:
a.
“my boyfriend give me present”
b.
Matt (25: 9)
“But the wise replied, “Perhaps there will not be
enough for you and for us; you had better go to the dealers and buy some for
yourselves.”
The type of the sentence is declarative sentence, which the class is compound sentence. you functions
as the subject. The predicate is shown by the word had better go and then, to the
dealers function as adjunct of place,
conjunction by and, and then
followed buy as predicate, some for yourselves as object.
2)
In interrogative sentence the subject and predicate are often
reserved, or sometimes it is started with auxiliary, question words, and modal.
It is used to ask a question and ended with a question mark in written. In the
spoken language, most of (yes – no) question ends with a rise in pitch and the
most interrogative words question ends with a full in pitch.
Example:
a.
“Did the child eat his dinner?”
b.
Matt (26:
40)
“Then he came to the disciples and found them
sleeping; and he said to Peter, ‘So, could you not stay awake with me one
hour?”
The form of the utterance above belongs to negative interrogative sentence,
in this sentence include into the simple
sentence. This sentence use of modal could as question modal at the
beginning of the sentence as one unity of predicate function with the word not stay awake with me and
word of not showing the
negation. And the adjunct of time is showing by one hour.
3)
In imperative sentence, only predicate is expressed. It gives a
command or makes a request and often an invitation or offer. Imperative
sentence can be in negative forms, when someone gives a very clear order or
instruction.
Example:
a.
“Eat your dinner!”
b.
Matt (26:
36)
“Then Jesus went with them to a place called
Gethsemane; and he said to his disciples, ‘Sit here while I go yonder and
pray.”
The type of the sentence is imperative.
The class of sentence is complex
sentence. It has two predications in the form of independent clauses.
The verb or the simple predicate are sit. The word here as adjunct, expressed of sit. In addition the word while I go yonder
and pray as a adverb of time.
4)
Exclamatory sentence is
used to express strong feeling and ends by an exclamation mark phrase
consisting of what/how or plus a part of the predicate.
Example:
a.
“How pretty she dances!”
N
b.
I didn’t find exclamatory
sentence in my research paper,,, heheheh sorryyyyyyy :p
Taraaaaa ….
Easy laaaa J yap yapp
Deal
Now … I have
easy exercise
Change the
statements into interrogative (information question)
Example
a.
They will not go to the theater
b.
Why à why wont
they go to the theater
1)
a: This theory can be proved
b : what è _____________________________________________
2)
a: during the nineteenth century
they had build the museum
b: when è _____________________________________________________________
3)
a: the company has many branches
b: what = ___________________________________
4)
a: the Toyota foundation has
given many scholarship to student.
B: whom =_________________________________________________
5)
a: the big building is
president’s
b: whose = ___________________________________
6)
a: my friend wanted to leave in a
small island
b: why = _________________________________________________
7)
a: the researchers observe the
problem carefully.
B: how = __________________________________________
8)
a: Erdhan choose living in
Surakarta
b: which = __________________________
9)
a: “The Sun Also Rises” was
written by Ernest Hemingway.
B: who = ______________________________________________________
10) a: Chandraningrum Dewi is regarded as a mother, lecture, researcher, and
feminist, I know well about her.
b: who = _________________________________________________________
salam sukses LUAR BIASA !!!!
love u all ___ vie :)
